INSPIRE: Better, Safer Antibiotic Use

What is INSPIRE?

The INSPIRE (INtelligent Stewardship Prompts to Improve Real-time Empiric Antibiotic Selection for Patients) program is an innovative antibiotic stewardship bundle that reduces broad-spectrum antibiotics using: 

1. Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) smart prompts that give patient-specific risk estimates for multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infections
2. Physician feedback and education

In four separate, randomized, controlled trials involving over 500,000 patients in hundreds of hospitals across the nation, the INSPIRE intervention successfully reduced initial broad-spectrum antibiotics by 17-35% in non-critically ill patients with pneumonia, urinary tract infection, skin/soft-tissue infection and abdominal infections. 

Explore these Web pages to learn more about INSPIRE, including resources on how you can implement the INSPIRE bundle at your facility. 

 

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*Gohil SK, Septimus E, Kleinman K, et al. Stewardship Prompts to Improve Antibiotic Selection for Pneumonia: The INSPIRE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2024; doi:10.1001/jama.2024.6248

Gohil SK, Septimus E, Kleinman K, et al. Stewardship Prompts to Improve Antibiotic Selection for Urinary Tract Infection: The INSPIRE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2024; doi:10.1001/jama.2024.6259

Gohil SK, Septimus E, Kleinman K, et al. Improving Empiric Antibiotic Selection for Patients Hospitalized With Skin and Soft Tissue Infection: The INSPIRE 3 Skin and Soft Tissue Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. Published online April 10, 2025. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2025.0887

Gohil SK, Septimus E, Kleinman K, et al. Improving Empiric Antibiotic Selection for Patients Hospitalized With Abdominal Infection: The INSPIRE 4 Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg. Published online April 10, 2025. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2025.1108